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Stlf^ i^htrattcn BtxmttB 



ON A PERFECT autumn morning, Monday, 
September twentieth, nineteen hundred and 
nine, the forty-sixth anniversary of the death of 
Lieutenant George W. Landrum, a company 
composed of the family connection, a few special 
friends, and the Home for the Aged household as- 
sembled to honor the memory of a patriot who will- 
ingly gave his life to preserve the Union. By impres- 
sive ceremonies, religious and patriotic, the superb 
flagstaff and massive base built on classic lines of 
massive proportions were solemnly dedicated to the 
memory of a brave soldier of the Union Army, erected 
by his appreciative and loving sister, Mrs. Amanda 
Landrum Wilson, wife of Obed J. Wilson, Esq., of 
Cincinnati. 

Owing to the condition of Mr. Wilson's health, at 
that date, this service was not a public one, only the 
family connection, among them two sisters, Mrs. 
Sarah Landrum Stor\e and Mrs. Amanda Landrum 
Wilson, were present, and the Home family and at- 
taches being invited. Lieutenant Landrum was of the 
old Guthrie Grays Regiment, and is remembered by 
many Cincinnatians, as well as by his companions in 
arms, who revere his memory. He was every inch a 
soldier. Both his grandfather and great-grandfather 
were Revolutionary soldiers. He was the son of a 

-3 — 



Methodist clergyman, the Rev. Francis Landrum, of 
the Kentucky Conference, and built a character worthy 
of his noble ancestors which commanded the respect 
of his generals, as well as his fellow-officers. Appre- 
ciating the danger fully on entering the army, he was 
ready to lay down his life for the Union, if need be, a 
willing sacrifice for his country. Mortally wounded 
and dying, he said to Surgeon J. F. S. Thompson: "I 
am not afraid to die. I have the consolation of know- 
ing that I die in a glorious cause." We do well to 
honor such heroes. 

After the playing of the "Star-Spangled Banner" 
by Smittie's band, the flag was raised by Captain Pel- 
ton, a seaman many years, now of the Home family, 
who has charge of the flag, 15 by 25 feet, which he 
gracefully unfurled to the breeze. Its exceptional 
beauty awakened much enthusiasm. 

Dr. H. C. Weakley, on behalf of the donor, pre- 
sented for dedication to Bishop John M. Walden, pre- 
siding, this great flag outfit, the staff over one hundred 
feet high above the level of the base, capped with a 
copper ball finished in gold leaf, saying we do well to 
honor thus the patriotism, moral and religious worth, 
the courage and fidelity as a soldier that led Lieuten- 
ant Landrum to go fearlessly onward amidst the immi- 
nent danger in the path of duty to carry the message 
to General Rosecrans, sending back his comrade to 
tell General Thomas of the changed position of the 
Confederate army. 

Reared in a Methodist parsonage, with high ideals 
of life and duty gotten in the home school, he faltered 
not before any call of duty. From his grand and 
great-grandfathers, who served in the Revolutionary 
Army, he inherited sympathies and tendencies that led 

— 4 — 



him promptly to enlist for service in defense of his 
country. Faithfulness seemed to have been the watch- 
word of his life. He won and held appreciative friends 
at home and in the army by this characteristic, as well 
as by his marked abilities. While we unite to crown 
his memory with honor here, we believe he is crowned 
with glory on high. All honor to such heroes ! 

Mr. Obed J. Wilson impressively recited the fol- 
lowing verses from a poem he wrote at the beginning 
of the Civil War: 

WttY 3FIag 

All hail to the banner our fathers defended I 

This beautiful banner, the ensign of right, 
Where the rose and the lily and violet are blended, 

And the stars of the firmament cluster in light, 
Hail I Flag of our Country, whose rich constellation 

Lights the swift growth of empire, of State linked to State; 
Ever broad'ning and strengthening the stable foundation 

Of our glorious Republic, the free and the great. 

Long, long, may it wave o'er a united Nation, 
Whose people as one shall its honor defend 
As the ages roll on, from all base profanation 

Of lips that would mock it, or hands that would rend: 
Then let us unite in fraternal hosanna. 

And give from each soul ever loyal and true. 
Three hearty good cheers for the Star-Spangled Banner! 

Three cheers, with a will, for the Red, White, and Blue! 
****** 
May our sons and our daughters to remote generations, 

Still lift up their voices in loyal acclaim, 
To our Flag as the Flag of the Foremost of Nations, 

In the long roll of Glory, Prosperity, Fame! 
May God, in his goodness, ever lend his protection, 

To its folds floating freely o'er the homes of the free, 
And shield all its children from dishonor, defection ; 
lo-Triumphant ! Peace, crowned !— Victory ! 

Three rousing cheers for Old Glory were given by 
the patriotic group. —5 — 



Professor A. H. Currier, D.D., of Oberlin College, 
read the 

lattk %mti of % HFpitbltr 

Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord : 

He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; 

He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword — 

His truth is marching on. 

I have seen Him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps ; 
They have builded Him an altar in the evening dews and damps ; 
I can read His righteous sentence by the dim and flarmg lamps — 

His day is marching on. 

I have read a fiery gospel, writ in burnished rows of steel : 

"As ye deal with my contemners, so with you my grace shall deal : 

Let the Hero, born of woman, crush the serpent with his heel — 

Since God is marching on." 

He hath sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat; 
He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment seat ; 
O, be swift, my soul, to answer Him ! be jubilant my feet ! — 

Our God is marching on. 

In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea. 
With a glory in His bosom that transfigures you and me ; 
As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free — 

While God is marching on. 

— Julia fVard Hoiue. 

Bishop Walden then introduced the Rev. Dr. R. H. 
Rust, a former pastor of the family, who made the 
principal address. It was the effort of a master, and 
inspired those present with new appreciation and love 
for the flag. 

The following is a part of his remarks: 

Patriotism is a duty and privilege. The home, the 
flag, and the cross are symbols of the noblest and most 
sacred affections or treasures of feeling in human na- 

— 6 — 



ture. Love and sacrifice are inseparable. The law of 
love is the principle of the spiritual world just as gravi- 
tation is the governing force of space. 

History has always recognized patriotism as a lofty 
virtue, and patriots as the brightest jewels upon her 
pages. 

Their greatness and services are as valuable as that 
of poets, philosophers, statesmen, and clergymen. 

The conflict of the elements of nature were neces- 
sary for the beautiful world in which we dwell. War, 
with its pageantry and pangs, its harvest of heroes 
and vintage of blood, has ever been the law of human 
progress. 

The martys of all ages have been our noblest bene- 
factors — 

" For humanity sweeps onward, whereto-day the martyr stands, 
On the morrow crouches Judas with the silver in his hands ; 
And the hooting mob of yesterday to-day in silent awe returns 
To gather up the scattered ashes into history's golden urns." 

Whenever memory dwells on any gifted spirit that 
has passed from one world to the other, it brings both 
worlds within our nearer view ; the world of this mor- 
tal life, and the other world of our ideal vision of our 
deepest longings, and hopes of future reunions. 

This true knight of patriotism gave his life for the 
preservation of the Union. The Soldier of the Re- 
public saved the nation. 

Love holds him dear, and the crown of loyalty rests 
upon his brow, and he is enshrined in grateful remem- 
brance by those who knew his worth and the willing 
sacrifice he made for this land of liberty. A beautiful 
Christian life— death can not end that. It is great to 
live it; it is glorious to leave it as the sign that we 

— 7 — 



have been. From beyond the dim mists, from behind 
the alabaster veil the life still shines time-ward. 

He who so lives as to be missed when he is gone; 
who has so framed himself into the necessities of the 
living as to leave behind him a lasting influence, fulfills 
the purpose he was divinely sent to execute, and re- 
cords a grand success amid countless failures. 

Then followed remarks by Rev. F. E. Bigelow, of 
Newport, Ky.: 

Revered Chairman and Esteemed Friends: — 

From the very moment that the breezes caught the 
ascending flag, and caused it to unfold in all its beauty, 
we have been inspired by the solemnity and glory of 
this occasion. This feeling has been intensified as we 
have listened to poem and address interspersed with 
uplifting music. There remains but little for me to 
say, further than to express the sense of honor which 
I feel at being permitted a share in these exercises. 

It is right that the noble lives of those who heroically 
gave themselves for their country should be commem- 
orated, and we all appreciate the fitness of this 
memorial which we are dedicating to-day. The stain- 
less life of a noble Christian soldier, who fell in 
fulfillment of his duty, is best commemorated by the 
stainless flag. And it is yet more fitting that this 
memorial should be erected under the shadow of an 
institution such as this by which we stand — the noblest 
expression of the spirit of fraternal love which 
Christianity exemplifies. 

We stand at the vantage point of history, and are 
able to see what was accomplished by the life and 
death struggle in which our fallen brother had a part. 
We see how the years have united the once severed 



portions of our land, until now we are one nation, 
united with a solidity as sure as that suggested by this 
foundation base upon which we are assembled. And 
from the center rises heavenward this stafiF of steel 
from which is to float the banner of freedom and 
peace. 

May the blessing of God rest upon you, the beloved 
sister, in whose heart was conceived this beautiful 
memorial, and upon your honored husband. And may 
its message ever be to those who behold the message 
of a pure life, of a noble deed of patriotic sacrifice, of 
a united nation whose flag now waves in the name of 
liberty and peace, and of the spirit of the coming uni- 
versal Kingdom which is the rule of God in the hearts 
of men through Jesus Christ our Lord. 

Rev. C. G. McNeill, of the Christian Standard, Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio, spoke as follows: 

Friends: — 

As the flag was being raised, and during these most 
inspiring exercises connected therewith, we all expe- 
rienced such an exaltation of emotions as carried us up 
among the clouds, speaking figuratively. Now that 
we are all on our feet, on the earth again, I give 
expression to some of my feelings. 

Doubtless we all have attended flag-raisings before. 
In my own life time I have been present at many. 
They were always in the midst of political campaigns. 
There was always a partisan feeling in connection with 
it. Each party sought to have the biggest flag, and 
the tallest pole. Partisan feeling ran high. Never 
before to-day have I attended a flag raising at which 
partisan feeling was absolutely nil. Here it was con- 
spicuous by its total absence. Thus it was so much 

— 9 — 



more beautiful and in every way so much better that 
I have had no doubt you all felt the difference as I 
did. 

And I am wondering if this day's ceremonies may 
not be the beginning of a new era in such things, and 
find myself wishing that it may become a custom 
throughout our land to have all our flag raisings, in 
every community, and at every institution, at some 
other time than during a political campaign, say on 
the Fourth of July, or some other similar public day, 
so that all participants, and all the citizenship round 
about may have an equal interest in it, with feelings 
unmarred by divisive rivalry, but with emotions so 
much more patriotic as to be fraternal. 

Perhaps the glories of this day's exercises may 
usher in the beginning of the better way. 

Bishop Walden impressively closed the services, 
emphasizing the significance of the American flag as 
to religious freedom as well as to our civil liberty, in 
well chosen phrase, then offered the dedicatory prayer. 

Dr. S. O. Royal pronounced the benediction. 

Before, during, and after the services, Smittie's 
band furnished stirring strains of martial music, play- 
ing the national airs between parts. 



10 



Wf&ct of tij? B>tgnal (EorpB 

Washington, yipril 7, 1864. 
General Orders, \ 

No. 18. / 

It is with feelings of profound sorrow and regret 
that I am called upon to announce to the Corps under 
my command, that one of its bravest and most talented 
officers. Lieutenant George W. Landrum, 2d Ohio 
Volunteers, and Acting Signal Officer, was killed upon 
the battlefield of Chickamauga. 

The fate of this officer has been, until the present 
time, involved in doubt and uncertainty. Unceasing 
eflforts have been made to ascertain if he were a 
prisoner of war (as there have been rumors giving 
evidence to such belief), but all to no purpose. 

The following extract, from a communication signed 
by J. T. S. Thompson, Surgeon 3d Tenn. Regiment 
(Confederate Army), now a prisoner of war, published 
in a Western paper for the information of friends of 
the deceased, presents, it is believed, a true history of 
the fate of this gallant officer: 

Cincinnati Commercial, i864 

5II|? Ji^at? uf iCi^iitfitant fCattiintm 

[The fate of this highly respected young officer has 
been involved in doubt since the battle of Chicka- 
mauga. At one time it was believed he had fallen into 

— 11 — 



the hands of the rebels and was a prisoner of war. 
But his name never appeared in any of the hsts of 
prisoners. His relatives have made every effort, by 
correspondence and personal inquiry, to penetrate the 
mystery, but in vain. The following letters, however, 
which we received on Monday, show that he died a 
hero and a patriot at Chickamauga. It is a melancholy 
satisfaction to his many friends and relatives to be 
placed in possession of the particulars of his death, 
and they may well feel a mournful pride and pleasure 
in the knowledge that his last words were so becoming 
and so characteristic of the true soldier. — Eds. Com.] 

Decatur, Ala., March 23, 1864. 

Eds. Com. — Will you be kind enough to hand the 
within note to the parents or friends of George W. 
Landrum, First Lieutenant of Signal Corps, killed at 
the battle of Chickamauga, September 20, 1863. Sur- 
geon J. T. S. Thompson, (a prisoner of war, captured 
near this place by the 9th Illinois Mounted Infantry,) 
learning I was from Cincinnati, informed me of these 
facts and wrote this request, and not knowing the 
deceased or his parents, I take the liberty of sending 
it to you. Your friend. 

Dr. Gaines, 

Post Hospital. 

Decatur, Ala., March 22, 1864. 

Lieutenant George Landrum, of Cincinnati, received 
his mortal wound on the 20th day of September, 1863, 
during the battle of Chickamauga. He lived about 
two hours after receiving the wound, a portion of 
which time he suffered very much. A Minie ball 
passed through the pelvis, penetrating the bladder. 
He was on his horse riding in a gallop at the time he 
received the wound. I saw him in a few moments 

— 12 — 



after he had fallen. He was suffering very much, but 
rested much easier after I gave him a small dose of 
morphine. After he had grown easy he asked me to 
give him my candid opinion of his condition. When 
I told him that I thought he would certainly die in a 
short time, he remarked that he was not afraid to die; 
that he had the consolation of knowing that he was 
dying In a glorious cause. He requested me, if I had 
an opportunity, to Inform his relatives of his death 
and how he died. He was decently burled the next 
day after he died. 

J. T. S. Thompson, 

Surgeon 3d Tenn. Regt., Prisoner of War. 

Evincing, In his daily Intercourse with his brother 
officers, traits of character of the highest order, bril- 
liant as a man of intellect, and a brave and energetic 
soldier, his loss Is deeply lamented. But, while we 
mourn him, we may remember, with peculiar pride, 
that he met his glorious fate of a hero, upon the bloody 
field of Chickamauga, while bravely discharging his 
duty. May our last words be his — "I am not afraid 
to die." 

In respect to his memory, the officers of fhe Signal 
Corps will wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty 
days. 

By order of 

Major W. J. T. Nicodemus, 

_ (In charge of Bureau of the Signal Corps), 

Henry V. Taft, ^ ' 

Captain and Signal Officer. 



13 



A meeting of the friends of Lieutenant George W. 
Landrum was yesterday held in Room No. 2, Superior 
Court. Chas. R. Cist, Esq., was appointed president, 
and T. B. Disney, secretary. 

L. D. Champlin, Esq., Judge Hoadley, and Captain 
James Warnock were appointed a Committee on 
Resolutions, and submitted the following, which, after 
some remarks by Judge Hoadley, Captain James War- 
nock, Chas. E. Cist, and others, was unanimously 
adopted and a copy directed to be sent to the family 
of the deceased. 

George W. Landrum, killed in the gallant discharge 
of the noblest of duties, at Chickamauga, was in life a 
man of kindly and genial spirit, and many accomplish- 
ments: in death, a hero for whom we mourn, and yet 
with the consolation of knowing that he felt how 
glorious a privilege it was to die such a death. 

We, his friends and associates, who long hoped that 
his absence from the army might be accounted for by 
captivity at the South, have at last learned the manner 
of his death with grief and pain on our own account, 
as hereafter to be denied the pleasure of his society in 
this life, but with gratitude to the Giver of all good, 
who vouchsafed to our friend so noble an end to a 
worthy life, and made his death a victory. 

— 14 — 



The military and noble bearing of Lieutenant 
Landrum everywhere, especially in the fury of conflict, 
arrested attention, which, with his courage and loyalty 
to duty on the field of battle, won the admiration of 
friend and foe alike. 

The following extracts from letters of Confederate 
officers who witnessed his death bear testimony to the 
truth of this statement : 

Col. James D. Tillman, in command of the Con- 
federate troops before whom he fell mortally wounded, 
writing under date of Nov. 23, 1894, says : " The 
incident of the shooting of Lieut. Landrum on that 
Sunday afternoon (at Chickamauga) has been spoken 
of at reunions of Confederate soldiers and around the 
domestic fireside and on hunting and fishing excursions 
for more than twenty-five years, but none of us ever 
knew the name of the officer until I got into corre- 
spondence with Mr. Smartt." 



— IS — 



(dopg nf a Sl^tt^r from QI0I 3laa. i. ©tUmatt 
of tl|? OIonf^&^ratF Armg 

Fayetteville, Tenn., Oct. 13, 1894. 
J. P. Smart, Esq. 

Dear Sir : — If there is any place I could locate on the 
Chickamauga battle-field it is the place where the Fed- 
eral officer on the gray horse fell. I have just seen 
Mr. Bagley mentioned in my last letter. He also 
remembers, like myself, distinctly the incident, and I 
have not seen at any time a member of my command 
who does not remember it. I will try to come to 
Chattanooga during the next month, and will try to 
get Mr. Bagley to come with me. 

It is admitted that Bagley fired the first of the many 
shots fired at Landrum. We could give no informa- 
tion as to the place of his burial. 

Truly yours, 

Jas. D. Tillman, 

Col. in Confederate Army. 



— 16- 



Ixtrart torn a SIrttrr Urttt^ti by dlnpt. 01. 1. lagkg 
of tljp (EnnfFli^ratf Army 

Fayetteville, Tenn., Dec. 1, 1894. 

Mr. O. J. Wilson, 

Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Dear Sir : — I assure you it gave me great pleasure 
to be of service to you and Mrs. Wilson in helping to 
locate the spot where your dear one fell. I join you 
in all honor to the brave spirits on both sides who gave 
up their lives in defense of what they thought was 
right. Immediately, after meeting you on your ar- 
rival at Chattanooga, there came over me a peculiar 
sadness I never felt before, and on retiring that night 
I asked the Lord to guide us to the spot where Lieut. 
Landrum fell, for the loving sister's sake. The prayer 
was answered. On coming to the spot it was perfectly 
familiar, though thirty-one years had passed since I 
saw it. I did not make it known until I had gone 
beyond to the point where I was wounded. It was 
also readily found. All was then clear. I was prepared 
to point out to you the two locations, which Col. Till- 
man also recognized as being the spot 

C. B. Bagley. 



— 17 — 



(Hopu of iMtn of E. E. WtUtama, An WfCxav 
in tl|? dianUhtvnU Armg 

Mt. Pleasant, Tenn., Oct. 13, 1894. 

Mr. J. P. Smart, 

Chattanooga, Tenn. 

Dear Sir: — I have been handed a communication 
written by you to Capt. W. S. Gennings, who com- 
manded a Company of the 3rd Tenn. Regiment, and 
he being absent, during the battle of Chickamauga, 
command of the Company devolved upon me as First 
Lieutenant. I recollect very vividly the circumstances 
you relate in your communication, and they are very 
accurate in detail. Especially do I recall the fate of 
the brave cavalier, who so regardless of his fate, and 
intent on delivering his dispatches, attempted to run 
the gauntlet of our line of skirmishers. I do n't 
remember whether I had charge of the skirmishers or 
not, but think I must have had, as I was near enough 
to see all of the affair, and recall the facts as fully as if 
they occurred but yesterday. I have often wondered 
who this person was, and what was his errand and 
rank. The flight of his beautiful gray steed, seem- 
ingly conscious of the importance of his mission, and 
the manly, erect, dignified bearing of the rider, to 
whom danger seemed to develop his fullest stature, 

— 18 — 



recalled to me more than anything I ever saw, the stir- 
ring description of the heroic knights of ancient chiv- 
alry. 

I have never visited the battle field of Chickamauga, 
but if I could be placed on Snodgrass Ridge, I think 
I could identify the very spot on which he fell, or 
within a few yards. I suppose it was about one o'clock. 

Yours very respectfully, 

(Signed) R. R. Williams. 



19 — 



%Httt ta iirfi. 3im. p. Irabl^g. lister nf 2It?ut^«attt 
(i^nrgF W. IQanbrum, January, 1BB3. 

Hd. Qrs. Center 14th, Army Corps, 

MURFREESBORO, TeNN. 

Dear Minnie: 

You have doubtless read many accounts of the great 
battle we fought, of the awful sacrifice of life, the 
almost numberless host of wounded, and the great loss 
of property. But I do not believe anyone can give 
you in a letter any idea of the terrible reality. The 
battlefield was strewn for miles and miles with the 
dead, dying, and wounded soldiers, horses, and 
negroes. 

There was continuous fighting for five days. The 
hardest, fiercest fight was on the 31st of Dec. On 
that day at daylight the enemy attacked our right wing 
(Genl. McCook's Corps), taking our men by surprise. 
Many of our officers were still in their beds, the men 
cooking their breakfasts, and the artillerymen water- 
ing their horses. The attack was fiercely made, and 
the enemy completely turned our right wing, driving 
us back about two and one-half miles. The slaughter 
was terrible. They captured several of our batteries 
(as the horses were away), a great number of prison- 
ers, and a great many wagons. A perfect panic was 
started in the right wing, and was fast spreading to 

— 20 — 



our whole army, when Genl. Rousseau came on to the 
field and ordered his Division — the old Third, now 
the First — on to the charge. It was beautifully done. 
He checked, and finally drove the enemy back, slaugh- 
tering them by the hundreds. Again they came on, 
and again were driven back. So it was for four or five 
hours. Their loss was greater than ours, and they 
were gradually forced back on the center, but held the 
ground they had gained on the right. 

At about four o'clock Genl. Rosecrans collected all 
his batteries at a position to the right, and the fight 
raged on. Our grape, cannister, and shells mowed 
them down like grass. The cannonading was deafen- 
ing, and between the discharges of the batteries could 
be heard the rattling war of the musketry dealing 
death to the traitors even more fearfully than the artil- 
lery. But they fought like very devils, and for a long 
time it was doubtful as to whether we could hold our 
own even. Our right had been turned, our line of 
battle changed, the enemy's cavalry were in our rear 
cutting into and burning our wagons by the hundreds. 
The roads and woods were full of our flying men 
spreading the report: "We are cut all to pieces; every 
officer in our regiment killed! We are all that is left," 
etc., etc., ad infinitum. 

All this was as early in the day as 11 o'clock. I had 
been up for three days and nights working on Signal 
Station, without any sleep, and with very little to eat. 
I did not get on to the field until about that time. 
The road was completely jammed with men flying on 
foot, on mules, on horses — sometimes two on one 
horse, some without hats, all without arms. Wagons 
were being hurried back, and our cavalry were flying 
in all directions. I finally made my way to the front, 
' —21 — 



heartsick, discouraged and desponding. I could but 
see that we were badly whipped, and everyone seemed 
to think as I did; but I determined that it should never 
be said of me that I had joined in so disgraceful a 
flight. I would rather be killed on the spot than to 
have it in the power of any one to point to me as one 
of the panic-stricken men then flying from the field. I 
finally made my way to Genl. Thomas, and found him 
in the thickest of the fight. Never have I seen such 
terrible fighting, or heard such a continuous roar of 
guns, or been in a place where the grape, cannister, 
and musket balls rained on us as they did there. Our 
corps — the center — was gradually being forced back, 
and it seemed that all was lost; but our brave fellows 
stood to their work, and the tide of battle seemed to 
be changing. Again we were driving them back, 
slowly but surely. The dashing courage and bravery of 
Rousseau and the gallant old Third were sure to tell. 
Genl. Thomas, cool as marble, was thereto hold Rous- 
seau in check (as he is brave almost to rashness), and 
to these two men is due the credit of saving this army 
from total rout. 

The fight raged on, without ceasing, from daylight 
until it was too dark to see an enemy, and all seemed 
to desire rest. fVe did wish it, and were glad of the 
darkness. 

I can not describe to you my feelings that night. 
All with whom I conversed acknowledged we were 
whipped, and expected orders to come to fall back on 
Nashville. But how? As soon as we attempted to 
do that it would result in a general rout — perhaps a 
panic. We were evidently in a very precarious situ- 
ation. We had lost thousands of our brave comrades; 
our right was completely turned ; the enemy was an- 

— 22 — 



noying our rear, destroying our wagons and provi- 
sions; and all were discouraged. We did not sleep 
any that night, but gathered around our little fires, 
shivering with the cold, hungry and heartsick — not a 
smile on a single face; for the first time not a joke ut- 
tered; all gloomy, disheartened, and desponding. 
The Gen'ls were near by, in an old log hut, in coun- 
cil. Some were for falling back, some for fighting 
where we were as long as a man would stand. Gen- 
erals Thomas, Rosecrans, and Rousseau were with the 
latter, and it was determined to die where we were. 
JVe had held our council outside and come to the same 
conclusion. 

It was, I am proud to say, my wish to stay where we 
were if we could not go on. Oh, I can never forget one 
moment of that gloomy New Year's Eve, nor the de- 
sponding men that held the "watch-night meeting" of 
that night. Every minute the ambulances were pass- 
ing by us filled with the wounded ; the air was vile 
with their groans; on all sides of us the dead and dying 
were lying in heaps; and during this time the rain 
commenced to fall. Our poor men were lying out 
without fire (we did not dare build fires where the 
enemy could see us, as it would immediately draw their 
fire), without food, without blankets, and in the mud, 
too. At twelve o'clock at night (New Year's) , we shook 
hands all round and gloomily wished "A Happy New 
Year" to each other, talked of our friends at home, 
and each had some directions to give as to the dis- 
posal of personal property about us, if "anything 
should happen" next day. 

Day broke at last, and we expected, with its dawn, 
to hear the roar of the enemy's guns. An hour passed 
and only an occasional musket was heard; another 

— 23 — 



hour, no attack yet. What could it mean? We had 
been all over the field; the Gen'ls were posting their 
commands, cheering the men, and preparing to give 
the enemy as warm a reception as was in their power 
should they give us "a call." But time passed on. 
Twelve o'clock came, and no attack yet. We began 
to feel easier; they were evidently not in the best con- 
dition — must have been badly punished, and did not 
feel like coming up to time. In this way we argued 
and finally concluded that we were not whipped yet. 
All seemed to be encouraged, and faces began to wear 
a more cheerful aspect. 

Our Gen'ls rode around as cool as men could be. 
Rousseau was everywhere, and whenever he appeared 
there was a wild enthusiasm. Some of the men actually 
hugged his horse, shook his hands, caught hold of his 
legs, and nearly pulled him from his saddle. He is the 
most popular man in the army; just the man to com- 
mand the volunteers. 

During the afternoon there was an attack made on 
our right, but after two or three hours of fierce, hard 
fighting, they were repulsed with fearful slaughter. Our 
men were well handled, positions well chosen, and we 
drove them back with small loss on our side. There 
had been some skirmishing and artillery fighting all 
along our lines, and we had been first best all the 
afternoon. 

We again gather around our little fire at night. Our 
faces are a little more cheerful, so our conversation. 
An occasional joke is heard, and we even laugh aloud; 
we are in good humor. If we only had something to 
eat, and our blankets, we might persuade ourselves 
that we were really happy. Again the Gen'ls are in 
council. Their council is ended and we are ordered 

— 24 — 



to mount our horses and commence our rounds with 
Genl. Thomas. His orders are given coolly, and are 
executed quickly. The army have learned that they 
can trust in him. Every post is visited, every place 
examined. Genl. Rosecrans is with us, cool, calm, self- 
possessed— a cigar in his mouth, not lighted— never 
is— never saw him without it; an old hat on, a common 
blue overcoat. His long, large, hooked nose, sharp 
eyes, give him the appearance of a Jew peddler, and 
you involuntarily expect to hear him cry "rags, old 
close," etc., etc., but he is now as cheerful as he can 
be. He says he has '"em " just where he wants " 'em," 
and he and Thomas inspire all with the confidence they 
appear to have. 

We all expected they would attack us the next morn- 
ing, but they did not; but in the afternoon they made 
a terribly fierce attack on our left, and Oh, what an 
awful onslaught it was! On^ of our Brigades, the 
23rd, in Van Cleve's Division, broke and ranhke dogs- 
but the 37th Ind., 18th Ohio, 19th 111., and some 
other regiments charged on them, and after a hard 
hand-to-hand fight they were driven back. Receiving 
re-inforcements they came on again, but were driven 
back, this time in wild confusion, and could not again 
be rallied. This fight, while it lasted, was, I think, 
the hottest and most closely contested of all yet, and 
resulted in a brilliant victory for us. The next' day 
the enemy commenced evacuating Murfreesboro. 

The next day we had some skirmishing, and at about 
four o'clock P. M. made our first attack on the enemy's 
hnes, and drove them out of their rifle-pits in front of 
us. That night we had a happy council around our 
camp-fire, and we could have a "great, big one," too. 
The next morning the enemy had left Murfreesboro 



— 25 — 



altogether, and after we had made a reconnoisance of 
the road we virtually took possession of the place. 

This is a confused account of a greater fight than 
the seven days' fight before Richmond. We lost 
11,000 men, killed, wounded, and missing. The enemy 
lost some 15,000, so they report. They are going to 
make another stand at Shelbyville, some thirty miles 
from here, or else attack us here — they say the latter, 
and I should not be surprised to hear the roar of their 
guns at any moment. But they will not have the ad- 
vantage of a surprise next time, as we are doubly vigi- 
lant. They did not expect us to leave Nashville this 
winter, and had built winter quarters here expecting 
to stay. 

All praise is due our brave men. Never did men 
do better fighting and suffer greater hardships than 
they have in this great battle. They had to lie down 
in mud knee-deep, without blankets and without food. 
Many horses were eaten by our soldiers. Such men 
can never be whipped. They are invincible. Can 
their country ever be sufficiently grateful to them? 
Can men deserve more from their countrymen? 

Well, Minnie, I have been through one more battle, 
and am unhurt. Men have been shot down behind 
me, on the right of me, and on the left, and before 
me. Strange how one escapes and another is stricken. 

When I learned that Col. Fred Jones was killed it 
so unmanned me that I cried. Only a few hours be- 
fore I had shaken hands with him in front of his men. 
The enemy were in sight, the bullets flying around us. 
I was sent there under orders. I can almost feel the 
grip of his hand on mine as we bade each other 
"good-bye." I never saw him more, ff^e have all lost 
a friend. The country has lost a patriot, a brave offi- 

— 26 — 



cer; one who had ability, courage, and talents of a 
much high order than many of our Gen'ls. Heaven 
has gained a Saint. I have known Fred for years, and 
have yet to hear the first ill of him. Among the first 
to volunteer in defense of his country, he has earned 
a place in her history that few so young as he could 
gain, none more deservedly. He has finished his ca- 
reer by giving up his life in a glorious cause. He died 
a soldier. Let us hope not in vain. I can not describe 
my sensations as I passed along the lines and shook 
the hands of my friends. When I came to Warnock 
neither could speak for some time. Finally our voices 
came out in "God bless you, George!" from him, and 
"How glad I am to see you! Thank God, we are both 
alive," from me. 

You may remember that last Spring I described this 
place to you as one of the prettiest I had seen in 
"Dixie." Oh, what a change! Desolation is written 
over the face of the whole country. Fences are gone, 
yards torn up, houses burned or pulled down, and 
where there were then beautiful flower gardens, there 
are now mud-holes. Trees have been chopped down 
for wood, arbors destroyed, and the large, fine, and 
elegant residences are rapidly falling to decay. All, 
all is desolation ! 

May God, in His mercy, forever keep war from our 
peaceful homes in the North. 

Your brother, 

George W. Landrum. 



-27 — 



SERMON 



PREACHED BY 



REV. A. H. CURRIER, D. D. 

OF OBERLIN COLLEGE 



WILSON CHAPEL 

AT 



e miW^i mome fox i^c gg^J 

COLLEGE HILL 

CINCINNATI, OHIO 



Hr 



SEPTEMBER NINETEENTH 
1909 



"Harg tlitrtfavt taak a pounb of otntmrnt 
of purp nnvh, urrg prwinua, atth anolntfb tl|p 
frrt of Jraua, anb uitprb Ijta ft ft tuttlj Ijrr I|air : 
an& tlyp Ipusp tnaa fillrin toitli tijp oJiior of ttj? 
otntmrnt/* — John 12 : 3. 

BY THIS tender and significant act Mary ex- 
pressed her grateful love for Christ. As a 
consequence, the house was filled with the odor 
of the fragrant ointment. She thus gave pleasure not 
only to Christ, on whom she bestowed her homage, 
but to His disciples, and the friends and neighbors of 
the family, and to all in the house, including even the 
servants who waited on the guests at the table. And 
so, what otherwise would have been probably only a 
simple, common meal was made a delicious, memorable 
repast. 

This significant fact in the beautiful Gospel story 
suggests a subject worthy of our consideration. It is 
this: That those who love Christ and express their 
love in appropriate ways create a sweeter atmosphere 
wherever they are for all about them. They do figur- 
atively what Mary did literally. 

The figurative sense in which I use the word atmos- 
phere is generally well understood, though not easy 
precisely to define. When one speaks of himself, or 
others, as living in a good atmosphere, an atmosphere 
of peace and happiness, or of cheerfulness and content, 
we understand him to mean that there is something in 
his social environment or its spiritual conditions that 
produces these agreeable feelings. 

— 31 — 



This social atmosphere, like the natural atmosphere, 
may be healthful and exhilarating, or unhealthful and 
depressing. It can be illumined or darkened, sweet- 
ened or poisoned. "A man may be," as Robert Louis 
Stevenson says, "a radiating focus of good will and his 
entrance as though another candle had been lighted," 
and his departure as though a bright light had been 
extinguished. 

Families, schools, colleges, societies, and companies 
of every kind have, each and all, their peculiar atmos- 
pheres. Nothing, indeed, is more distinctive of social 
life in every form than its atmosphere. It may be like 
the fragrant air of a garden, or the malarial air of a 
swamp. It may stimulate to gladness and song, or 
hush to silence and dread, like the darkening, stifling 
atmosphere that precedes a storm. 

The social atmosphere of a company or society is 
determined by the prevailing spirit of the people that 
compose it. It is what these people make it. People 
actuated by the love of Christ may bring about a mar- 
velous change in a demoralized and degraded com- 
munity. The thing has often been done. Through 
what they do, and say, and are, they may transform the 
whole situation, and make life there pleasanter and 
happier for all concerned. Whatever be the social 
situation, whether fair or foul, agreeable or disagree- 
able, tolerable or intolerable, the disciples of Christ 
made it fair, or are able to do this. By their kindly, 
helpful, unselfish spirit, through their high aims and 
benevolent impulses, through the love of Christ appro- 
priately manifested, they may create and maintain a 
good atmosphere there, the atmosphere of the King- 
dom of God on earth. "The love of Christ appro- 
priately manifested !" How is this condition fulfilled? 

— 32 — 



I answer, generally by obedience to Christ's command. 
This is Christ's own testimony. With what growing 
emphasis does He thrice repeat it in the Fourteenth 
Chapter of John? "If ye love Me ye will keep My 
commandments." "He that hath My commandments 
and keepeth them, he it is that loveth Me." "If a 
man love Me, he will keep My words, and My Father 
will love him, and we will come unto him and make 
our abode with him." 

The particular word of Christ which the Christian 
disciple is to keep, and in keeping which he obeys all 
commands, is love. "Love is the fulfilling of the law," 
as the Apostle Paul says. 

That we may perceive how significant and all com- 
prehending this word "love" is, let us turn to the 
Thirteenth Chapter of 1 Corinthians, and read slowly 
and thoughtfully Paul's description of its nature and 
operation: "Love suffereth long and is kind; love 
envieth not; love vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, 
doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not its own, 
is not provoked, taketh not account of evil: rejoiceth 
not in unrighteousness, but rejoiceth with the truth ; 
beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, 
endureth all things— never faileth." 

According to this, the love which Christ inspires 
and the apostle so extols is like a necklace of pearls, 
or a casket of jewels. It includes the most precious 
and highly-prized virtues; such as, much enduring 
patience, unwearied kindness, freedom from envy, arro- 
gance and conceit; courtesy, unselfishness, good nature, 
unsuspiciousness, no pleasure in evil, but joy in the 
truth, unfailing sweetness of temper, boundless charity 
of judgment, inexhaustible faith and hope in the ulti- 
mate triumph of good." 

. —33 — 



It is not difficult to believe that any one having such a 
love will create a sweeter atmosphere in all places and in 
every relation. Is it not true that, according to their 
possession and manifestation of this love, people of 
this sort will enhance the joy and happiness of all about 
them? Is it not good to live within the reach of their 
personal influence, to be in constant or even occasional 
touch with them, in the house, in the store and shop, 
in the school and church, in the neighborhood, or 
even within the limits of the same city or town? It is 
a privilege to walk, ride, or sit and talk with them. 
Their visits are notable events in the lives of those who 
receive them. The mere meeting them on the street 
doth cheer and strengthen the heart like a medicine, 
and enrich existence with a lasting benefit. 

Awhile ago I fell in with some interesting reminis- 
cences of Henry Ward Beecher, given by a company 
of his friends, which aptly illustrate what I am saying. 
In that company were Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, General 
O. O. Howard, and Rev. A. H. Bradford, D. D. 
Their tributes concerning Mr. Beecher were as follows: 

Mrs. Howe said: "At one time when Mr. Beecher 
was reported as intending to come to Boston on an 
errand of business, she invited him to dine with her. 
Receiving an acceptance of her invitation, she went to 
a friend on the day of his coming, and said, 'The sun 
is going to rise in my house to-day. Henry Ward 
Beecher is to dine with me. Come and dine with us, 
and enjoy with me the sunshine of his presence.'" 

General O. O. Howard told how, on one occasion, 
when he was in sore trouble, Mr. Beecher met him on 
the street in Brooklyn, and, hastening forward to greet 
him, stretched out both hands to grasp his one hand 
(the other had been lost in the service of his country); 

— 34 — 



he took hold of it with such cordial warmth, accom- 
panying this action with such expressions of friendly 
regard and real sympathy, shown by his word and look 
of loving interest, that he went on his way comforted. 

The tribute of Dr. Bradford was illustrative of Mr. 
Beecher's susceptibility to religious suggestion, and 
gave a hint of the influence that gave to his lips their 
wonderful eloquence. He told how Major Pond, of 
the Lecture Bureau, and Mr. Beecher were driving to- 
gether across an Illinois prairie. Their road ran west. 
In the late afternoon, as the sun was setting, Mr. 
Beecher gazed silent and absorbed at the beautiful 
spectacle, like one entranced by a heavenly vision, 
when at length, turning to his companion and laying 
his hand on his knee, he said, with eyes glistening with 
tears and voice touched with emotion, "Just think of 
it, Pond; in a little while we shall be with and see 
Jesus 1" 

Now, unquestionably, a man who, like Mr. Beecher, 
can, as a guest or companion, by his genial presence 
and conversation fill a house with sunshine and inspire 
those who listen to him with high thoughts and uplift- 
ing sentiments, and whose influence, by reason of his 
great religious faith and hopeful spirit, makes the dull 
earthly present and the clouded future bright with 
heavenly hope, and our sad life here, despite all its 
sadness and hardships, appear well worth living, cre- 
ates a new and better atmosphere. 

Any man, be he an author, teacher, preacher, or lay- 
man, possessed of wealth and a benevolent spirit, or 
without money, but with an amiable disposition to be 
useful, agreeable, and helpful to others; any man who 
by his writings, public utterances, or kind and gen- 
erous deeds raises the level of intelligence in a com- 

— 35 — 



munity, improves its prevailing sentiment, promotes 
its general happiness and cheerfulness, or endows it 
with privileges that increase the public welfare and 
promote virtue, may be truly said to sweeten its 
atmosphere. 

Take Robert Burns for example. He was far from 
being a model man. His faults were great, so great 
as to forbid my speaking of him with much confi- 
dence as a Christian. But since he confessed and 
deplored his faults, and the predominant note of his 
poetry was Christian and he devoted his great gift 
largely to the exaltation of man's conception of human 
life and duty, for this consecration of his powers to a 
high purpose we may charitably think of him as a 
Christian, despite his faults, and honor him, as we 
honor King David, as a real servant of God, notwith- 
standing his human infirmities. Certainly he created 
a new atmosphere for his countrymen, so that Scotland 
has been another Scotland since his day to peasant, 
commoner, and noble. 

" Touched by his hand the wayside weed 
Becomes a flower; the lowliest reed 

Beside the stream 
Is clothed with beauty ; gorse and grass 
And heather when his footsteps pass 
The brighter seem. 

" And now he haunts his native land 
As an immortal youth ; his hand 

Guides every plow ! 
He sits beside each ingle nook ; 
His voice is in each running brook 

Each rustling bough." 

This uplifting influence of Burns is not confined to 
his native land. It follows his countrymen like a sweet 
fragrance of their homeland to the far-off places of the 
globe to which they emigrate. 

— 36 — 



There is a striking evidence of this, which I myself 
have lately seen, in the City Park of Denver, Colo. In 
a conspicuous spot in this City Park the countrymen 
of Burns residing in Denver have placed to his mem- 
ory a beautiful bronze statue, of heroic size and noble 
expression, in grateful recognition of the honor their 
native land, and of the personal benefit they them- 
selves, the children of Scotland, have received from 
him. 

On its granite base is this inscription: 



Mnms 

A poet peasant born, 

Who more of fame's immortal dower 

Unto his country brings 

Than all her Kinsrs. 



In almost every civilized nation there are found 
preachers, statesmen, and philanthropists that render 
their country by their utterances and philanthropic 
labors a similar service, a service that creates a purer 
and better atmosphere for the whole nation, John 
Wesley did this in Great Britain. The nation had be- 
come godless, immoral, and un-Christian — " dead in 
trespasses and sins." Wesley, with his heart alive 
with vital Christianity and afire with evangelistic zeal, 
through his abundant, untiring labors with voice and 
pen aroused his country to a consciousness of her de- 
plorable condition, and brought her back to the faith 
and life of the gospel. 

Among American statesmen who exerted this trans- 
forming influence were Washington and Lincoln ; 
among English statesmen and philanthropists were 
William Wilberforce, William E. Gladstone, and An- 

— 37 — 



thony Cooper, the seventh Earl of Shaftesbury. The 
motto of the Earl of Shaftesbury consisted of two 
words — Love^ Serve — and he actually embodied this 
motto in tireless efforts to improve through much- 
needed legislation the conditions of the working 
people and the lowly classes of his country. He might 
have had the honors and dignities of high office, and 
was urged by Lord Palmerston, the Prime Minister of 
that day, to accept such an office. " I can not satisfy 
myself," Lord Shaftesbury replied, "that the call to 
accept office is a divine call, but I am satisfied that 
God has called me to labor for the poor." 

"His life-long purpose and passion," says a careful 
student of his career, "were to uplift to a better estate 
those who were lowest and least. He was their un- 
tiring advocate in the House of Commons. By his 
importunate and resolute plea the hours of labor in 
factories are shortened for women and children; sani- 
tary and educational provisions secured; cruelties 
abolished, and crimes diminished. He befriends the 
little chimney-sweeps and the shoe-blacks — the outcast 
and the criminal." His name is written large in the 
legislation of England of that time. " The social re- 
forms of the last century," says the Duke of Argyle, 
" have been mainly due to the influence, character, and 
perseverance of this one man — Lord Shaftesbury." We 
may say of him, therefore, in view of his potent, com- 
pelling, far-reaching influence, his high Christian char- 
acter, and his humble piety, what Wordsworth says of 
Milton : 

" Thou had'st a voice whose sound was like the sea, 
Pure as the naked heavens, majestic, free; 
So did'st thou travel on life's common way 
In cheerful godliness : and yet thy heart 
The lowliest duties on herself did lay." 
— 38 — 



A generous heart with wealth to dispense may 
sweeten the atmosphere of a community. We have an 
example of it in this beautiful chapel in which we are 
worshiping, which Mr. and xMrs. Wilson have given 
to this Methodist Home for the Aged. Through the 
coming years the people of this Home will experience 
its sanctifying influence as a great blessing to their 
lives. 

All through our land, East and West, there are pub- 
lic libraries, schools, colleges, and hospitals, which the 
grateful citizens and sons of the places where they 
stand have erected and endowed with the means of 
support; or, building on other men's foundations, 
have enriched and enlarged with the benign result of 
making a residence in these places much more happy 
and desirable because of the means of culture, enlight- 
enment, and relief these benefactionc afford to rich 
and poor alike. But not only to the mentally-gifted, 
the socially-powerful, and the rich is this privilege of 
creating a better social atmosphere around them given. 
I have said that the ability to do so is only conditioned 
upon having a heart animated by the love of Christ 
and expressing this love in appropriate ways. 

Missionaries to heathen lands are seldom rich people, 
except in faith, nor people of extraordinary gifts, ex- 
cept those of the spirit, which their love of Christ 
gives; but some of the most striking examples of suc- 
cess in creating new and better social conditions are 
found among them. What a transformation and im- 
provement of social life and its atmosphere is implied 
in the fact that a group of islands like the New Heb- 
rides, formerly peopled by ferocious cannibals, has 
been Christianized! 

In Aneityum, one of this group. Dr. John Geddie 

— 39 — 



and Dr. John Inglis, two Scotch missionaries and their 
wives, labored for the Christianization of its savage 
people. When Geddie died, after laboring twenty- 
four years, they placed in the Missionary Chapel a 
tablet to his memory with this inscription: "When he 
landed here, in 1848, he found no Christians. When 
he left, in 1872, there were no heathens." The words 
of St. Peter, "Out of darkness into His marvelous 
light," express but the literal truth in regard to the 
change thus wrought in this and in many another mis- 
sionary station during the last century. 

Similar changes of spiritual atmosphere are pro- 
duced wherever the Gospel is faithfully preached and 
commended by the labors and Christian living of its 
ministers. Have you ever read "Down in Water 
Street," by Mr. S. H. Hadley, or the biography of 
Mr. Hadley by Dr. J. W. Chapman ? If not, get 
them and read them, for the striking illustration they 
give of how great things humble men, saved by Christ 
from the power of sin, can accomplish through their 
grateful love for Him in rescuing other slaves from the 
bondage of sin and improving the foul places in which 
they live. 

People who thus for the love of Christ and their 
fellow-men put forth efforts to ameliorate human con- 
ditions, make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth. 
They carry the atmosphere of heaven about with them, 
and this atmosphere is as real as the air we breathe, 
and as truly a source of happiness to all they meet as 
light and sunshine and the perfume of flowers in June. 

God be praised for those saintly souls who, as 
mothers, sisters, wives, daughters, and brotherly men, 
have diffused this atmosphere of heaven in their homes 
and neighborhoods; who have shed the Spirit of 

— 40 — 



Christ in our churches and gladdened our communi- 
ties with their Christly deeds. God help us all thus 
to carry about with us and spread the atmosphere 
of His Kingdom I And, as it is the aim and natural 
effect of the religious services of worship that we sin- 
cerely participate in to bring us back from our worldly 
thoughts and cares and activities to the true spirit of 
Christian discipleship, and to quicken and intensify 
in us the love of Christ and His Kingdom, may He 
bless to this end our service here to-day. 

Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, to-day, and for- 
ever. Those who draw near Him in faith and touch 
but the hem of His garment receive virtue from Him 
now as when He walked the earth. 

" Warm, sweet, tender, even yet 
A present help is He, 
And faith has still its Olivet, 
And love its Galilee." 



— 41 — 



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